Lack of sleep: Insufficient sleep or poor quality sleep can lead to fluid retention and blood vessel dilation, resulting in puffy eyes and dark circles.

Fluid retention: Fluid can accumulate in the tissues around the eyes due to factors like excessive salt intake, allergies, sinus problems, or hormonal changes, causing puffiness.

Allergies: Allergic reactions, such as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, can cause inflammation, itching, and swelling around the eyes, leading to puffiness and dark circles.

Aging: As you age, the skin around the eyes becomes thinner, and collagen and fat production decreases. This can make blood vessels more visible, resulting in dark circles. The loss of elasticity in the skin can also contribute to puffiness.

Genetics: Some individuals are genetically predisposed to having thinner skin or more prominent blood vessels around the eyes, which can increase the likelihood of dark circles.

Lifestyle factors: Factors like excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, stress, and poor nutrition can contribute to puffy eyes and dark circles.

Sun exposure: Excessive sun exposure can stimulate melanin production, leading to hyperpigmentation or increased pigmentation around the eyes, causing dark circles.

Rubbing or scratching: Rubbing or scratching the delicate skin around the eyes can cause irritation, inflammation, and puffiness.